workforce2_c.c


/* Copyright 2024, Gurobi Optimization, LLC */

/* Assign workers to shifts; each worker may or may not be available on a
   particular day. If the problem cannot be solved, use IIS iteratively to
   find all conflicting constraints. */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "gurobi_c.h"


#define xcol(w,s)  nShifts*w+s
#define MAXSTR     128


int
main(int   argc,
     char *argv[])
{
  GRBenv   *env   = NULL;
  GRBmodel *model = NULL;
  int       error = 0, status;
  int       s, w, col;
  int      *cbeg = NULL;
  int      *cind = NULL;
  int       idx;
  double   *cval = NULL;
  char     *sense = NULL;
  char      vname[MAXSTR];
  double    obj;
  int       i, iis, numconstrs, numremoved = 0;
  char     *cname;
  char    **removed = NULL;

  /* Sample data */
  const int nShifts = 14;
  const int nWorkers = 7;

  /* Sets of days and workers */
  char* Shifts[] =
    { "Mon1", "Tue2", "Wed3", "Thu4", "Fri5", "Sat6",
      "Sun7", "Mon8", "Tue9", "Wed10", "Thu11", "Fri12", "Sat13",
      "Sun14" };
  char* Workers[] =
    { "Amy", "Bob", "Cathy", "Dan", "Ed", "Fred", "Gu" };

  /* Number of workers required for each shift */
  double shiftRequirements[] =
    { 3, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 5 };

  /* Amount each worker is paid to work one shift */
  double pay[] = { 10, 12, 10, 8, 8, 9, 11 };

  /* Worker availability: 0 if the worker is unavailable for a shift */
  double availability[][14] =
    { { 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
      { 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 },
      { 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
      { 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 },
      { 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 },
      { 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 } };

  /* Create environment */
  error = GRBloadenv(&env, "workforce2.log");
  if (error) goto QUIT;

  /* Create initial model */
  error = GRBnewmodel(env, &model, "workforce2", nWorkers * nShifts,
                      NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  if (error) goto QUIT;

  /* Initialize assignment decision variables:
     x[w][s] == 1 if worker w is assigned
     to shift s. Since an assignment model always produces integer
     solutions, we use continuous variables and solve as an LP. */
  for (w = 0; w < nWorkers; ++w)
  {
    for (s = 0; s < nShifts; ++s)
    {
      col = xcol(w, s);
      sprintf(vname, "%s.%s", Workers[w], Shifts[s]);
      error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "UB", col, availability[w][s]);
      if (error) goto QUIT;
      error = GRBsetdblattrelement(model, "Obj", col, pay[w]);
      if (error) goto QUIT;
      error = GRBsetstrattrelement(model, "VarName", col, vname);
      if (error) goto QUIT;
    }
  }

  /* The objective is to minimize the total pay costs */
  error = GRBsetintattr(model, "ModelSense", GRB_MINIMIZE);
  if (error) goto QUIT;

  /* Make space for constraint data */
  cbeg = malloc(sizeof(int) * nShifts);
  if (!cbeg) goto QUIT;
  cind = malloc(sizeof(int) * nShifts * nWorkers);
  if (!cind) goto QUIT;
  cval = malloc(sizeof(double) * nShifts * nWorkers);
  if (!cval) goto QUIT;
  sense = malloc(sizeof(char) * nShifts);
  if (!sense) goto QUIT;

  /* Constraint: assign exactly shiftRequirements[s] workers
     to each shift s */
  idx = 0;
  for (s = 0; s < nShifts; ++s)
  {
    cbeg[s] = idx;
    sense[s] = GRB_EQUAL;
    for (w = 0; w < nWorkers; ++w)
    {
      cind[idx] = xcol(w, s);
      cval[idx++] = 1.0;
    }
  }
  error = GRBaddconstrs(model, nShifts, idx, cbeg, cind, cval, sense,
                        shiftRequirements, Shifts);
  if (error) goto QUIT;

  /* Optimize */
  error = GRBoptimize(model);
  if (error) goto QUIT;
  error = GRBgetintattr(model, "Status", &status);
  if (error) goto QUIT;
  if (status == GRB_UNBOUNDED)
  {
    printf("The model cannot be solved because it is unbounded\n");
    goto QUIT;
  }
  if (status == GRB_OPTIMAL)
  {
    error = GRBgetdblattr(model, "ObjVal", &obj);
    if (error) goto QUIT;
    printf("The optimal objective is %f\n", obj);
    goto QUIT;
  }
  if ((status != GRB_INF_OR_UNBD) && (status != GRB_INFEASIBLE))
  {
    printf("Optimization was stopped with status %i\n", status);
    goto QUIT;
  }

  /* do IIS */
  printf("The model is infeasible; computing IIS\n");

  /* Loop until we reduce to a model that can be solved */
  error = GRBgetintattr(model, "NumConstrs", &numconstrs);
  if (error) goto QUIT;
  removed = calloc(numconstrs, sizeof(char*));
  if (!removed) goto QUIT;
  while (1)
  {
    error = GRBcomputeIIS(model);
    if (error) goto QUIT;
    printf("\nThe following constraint cannot be satisfied:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < numconstrs; ++i)
    {
      error = GRBgetintattrelement(model, "IISConstr", i, &iis);
      if (error) goto QUIT;
      if (iis)
      {
        error = GRBgetstrattrelement(model, "ConstrName", i, &cname);
        if (error) goto QUIT;
        printf("%s\n", cname);
        /* Remove a single constraint from the model */
        removed[numremoved] = malloc(sizeof(char) * (1+strlen(cname)));
        if (!removed[numremoved]) goto QUIT;
        strcpy(removed[numremoved++], cname);
        cind[0] = i;
        error = GRBdelconstrs(model, 1, cind);
        if (error) goto QUIT;
        break;
      }
    }

    printf("\n");
    error = GRBoptimize(model);
    if (error) goto QUIT;
    error = GRBgetintattr(model, "Status", &status);
    if (error) goto QUIT;
    if (status == GRB_UNBOUNDED)
    {
      printf("The model cannot be solved because it is unbounded\n");
      goto QUIT;
    }
    if (status == GRB_OPTIMAL)
    {
      break;
    }
    if ((status != GRB_INF_OR_UNBD) && (status != GRB_INFEASIBLE))
    {
      printf("Optimization was stopped with status %i\n", status);
      goto QUIT;
    }
  }

  printf("\nThe following constraints were removed to get a feasible LP:\n");
  for (i = 0; i < numremoved; ++i)
  {
    printf("%s ", removed[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");



QUIT:

  /* Error reporting */

  if (error)
  {
    printf("ERROR: %s\n", GRBgeterrormsg(env));
    exit(1);
  }

  /* Free data */

  free(cbeg);
  free(cind);
  free(cval);
  free(sense);
  for (i=0; i<numremoved; ++i)
  {
    free(removed[i]);
  }
  free(removed);

  /* Free model */

  GRBfreemodel(model);

  /* Free environment */

  GRBfreeenv(env);

  return 0;
}

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